For realizing societal benefits of automated driving (collective optimum) the addition of communication capability is essential Two main drivers for automated driving are (1) increasing safety and (2) “free up” time, so drivers can use their travel time in other ways. However, for the short term there are two parallel paths to (1) realize connected vehicles implementation and (2) advance automation.The US approach is learning by doing and trying to expand on the gathered knowledge / experience / installed hardware. US DOT realizes that they “can’t build their way out of it” and therefor want to use the existing infrastructure more efficiently.Deployment starts from local initiatives. • (cyber)security is one of the main obstacles to overcome for deployment of C-ITS and automated driving. It’s important in connected vehicles but it’s crucial in automated vehicles. Dilemma between stepwise introduction of automated driving vs the Google approach